Microsoft Universal Windows Platform -

Microsoft's home windows File supervisor now runs on every windows 10 contraptions | killexams.com existent Questions and Pass4sure dumps

SAN FRANCISCO: Microsoft has launched its original home windows File supervisor as a yardstick home windows Platform (UWP) app within the Microsoft preserve and has made it obtainable for every devices operating home windows 10.

home windows File supervisor is Microsoft's graphical consumer interface (GUI) during which stay clients might notice and exploit files and folders on home windows computers allowing stay users to circulation, reproduction, rename, print, delete and search information and folders.

The UWP version of windows File supervisor is attainable to breathe installed on notebook, cellular, surface Hub and HoloLens, the Microsoft preserve checklist reads, which is only partially authentic, Softmedia information said on Saturday.

"in line with the official system requirements, you deserve to breathe working at least windows 10 build 16299, which isn't accessible on cellular instruments, so listing telephones as a supported platform does not get a worthy deal sense," the record noted.

The project, maintained on Microsoft's net-based mostly internet hosting carrier - GitHub - has been made available for download and compiled by anybody on windows 10.

Microsoft is additionally allowing clients to contribute with ideas and advice the usage of the GitHub web page.

"The windows File supervisor lives once more and runs as a local x86 and x64 computer app on every currently supported edition of windows, together with home windows 10. I welcome your innovations, comments and guidance," the GitHub web page reads.

The yardstick windows File supervisor first debuted as Part of home windows three.0.

historical windows File supervisor now attainable as UWP app in Microsoft preserve | killexams.com existent Questions and Pass4sure dumps

Microsoft has do the windows File manager, which changed into in home windows on account that windows three.0 on the Microsoft store, so it will possibly used as an app in windows 10. The File manager is launched as a so-called conventional home windows Platform app.

up to now, Microsoft already published the source code on the windows File supervisor on open-supply hosting platform Github. This allowed users to repair bugs and to create their personal version of the windows File manager.

Now, anyway publishing the supply code, Microsoft has additionally published the windows File manager within the Microsoft save.

home windows File supervisor is attainable for home windows 10 construct 16299 or later, home windows 10 cell, floor Hub and the HoloLens.

We don't exhibit remark's on information reports, in its residence you're very welcome to breathe Part of the discussion on this topic on their forum.

Microsoft brings Win32 laptop apps to home windows combined fact | killexams.com existent Questions and Pass4sure dumps

The home windows blended fact journey in home windows 10 means that you can placed on a VR headset and engage with apps, video games, and video clips in a extra immersive passage than you may wall gazing a video panoply or computer reveal. but what if you just want to execute some web searching, try a PowerPoint presentation, or hearken to tune with out removing your headset?

home windows mixed reality already means that you can sprint time-honored windows Platform apps downloaded from the Microsoft shop. And now Microsoft has introduced it’s working on including aid for Win32 computing device apps (relatively a friendly deal the rest that you would breathe able to install and sprint on a windows pc).

An early edition of the feature is already accessible in home windows 10 Insider Preview construct 18329, and it can get its solution to every users later this yr.

Microsoft says Win32 apps “similar to Spotify, Paint.internet, and visual Studio Code” now work in windows combined truth… however champion is soundless a piece in development and the event can breathe buggy.

To launch a Win32 app, Microsoft says you open the Pins Panel, proceed to the record of every apps, after which you’ll notice a folder referred to as “classic Apps (Beta) that may soundless comprise an inventory of every computer apps installed in your computing device.

different adjustments in windows 10 developed 18329 encompass:

a listing of desirable apps may breathe pinned to the top of the search window

Keyboard aid for ADLaM and Osage

up-to-date Mail and Calendar apps with aid for darkish mode and default font selections

quite a lot of malicious program fixes

These and other updates may soundless breathe included within the next predominant unencumber of home windows 10, which is at present referred to as 19H1, indicating that it’ll breathe purchasable within the first half of 2019.

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Universal Windows Platform - App Data, Services, and Coding Patters

Inside the Universal Windows Platform Bridges | killexams.com existent questions and Pass4sure dumps

News

Inside the Universal Windows Platform Bridges

Microsoft's four-fold path leading to a singular coding platform is becoming a existent possibility.

Astoria. Islandwood. Centennial. Westminster. nobody of these project names own any connection to one another, as far as they can recommend -- except that each is a project names for four Universal Windows Platform Bridge tools that can breathe used to develop Windows 10 apps from specific source code environments for the newer Windows Store. The eventual aim is for those apps to breathe able to sprint on any Windows figure factor, from phones to desktops to devices running the Windows Holographic Platform environment.

The tools were announced at Build on Wednesday in a segment of the keynote featuring Microsoft Terry Myerson, who quickly demonstrated each of the features.

Project Astoria is the Android runtime bridge, which can breathe used from the Android Studio IDE to refactor Android app code for the Windows 10 platform. It will include a Windows emulator, and is reputed to allow for debugging and testing of apps from either the Android IDE or Visual Studio IDE. (Coincidentally, Astoria was used in the past for Windows Communications Framework Data Services, according to this Wikipedia reference page; it's not uncommon for Microsoft to reuse a name.)

In similar fashion. Project Islandwood toolkit is an iOS bridge for developing from Objective-C. Myerson demonstrated some of the progress his group has made with the tool, showing the faculty to debug and test Xcode from within the Visual Studio IDE.

Project Centennial is aimed at Windows developers who want a shortcut for recasting current .NET and Win32 Windows apps for the newer Windows Store.

Finally, Project Westminster is aimed at Website publishers who want to package up their sites for delivery via the Windows Store. Those apps will breathe able to recall edge of Windows APIs, and Website updates are automatically updated without having to republish the package to the Windows Store.

The tools are currently in preview, and Microsoft is looking for preview developers; to symptom up, proceed here. The company plans to deliver them sometime this summer.

Watch Myerson's demonstration of the bridge tools in this Day 1 keynote; it's at around the 1:46:00 mark. You can furthermore win some background on the development of the Universal Windows Platform from the Day 1 sessions in this presentation recorded at Build 2015.

About the Author

You recommend 'Em, Readers: If you've read this far, know that Michael Domingo, Visual Studio Magazine Editor in Chief, is here to serve you, dear readers, and wants to win you the information you so richly deserve. What news, content, topics, issues execute you want to notice covered in Visual Studio Magazine? He's listening at mdomingo@1105media.com.

How to Design endemic Mobile Apps | killexams.com existent questions and Pass4sure dumps

UX HowBlockedUnblockFollowFollowing

Feb 8, 2016

Apps are a tall Part of product and service palpate points — and are only growing. Each year users are spending more time on their devices (an mediocre of 2 hours and 42 minutes per day in 2014) and spend 86% of their time in apps with no signs of slowing down.

Here is what I own scholarly from and with others on how to design endemic mobile apps.

Top 5 Tips for Designing Apps 1) Read the HIG

Learn the rules from the Human Interface Guidelines (HIG), then pattern out whether you should shiver them elegantly.

4) get it Move

States, animations and transitions are key distinguishing features of elegant app experiences.

Create a motion study, scabrous prototype or even better — jump into code and really dig into what makes or breaks an app.

Material Design with Framer.js 5) Services First

The quality of endemic mobile app experiences are completely intertwined with the services that power them. In order to provide the best front stay app experience, services exigency to breathe designed, implemented and champion data flood based on user exigency and context.

As a Designer, you exigency to start thinking this passage and connect with your development partners on how services are being optimized (or not) for endemic mobile apps.

Native is Not Web

At first endemic and web browser designs appear very similar. Many friendly design practices and principles from the web apply to endemic mobile apps — but there are key differences.

Inbox Views and Transitions No Pages

Apps own states, modes and views and are often enabled and communicated through endemic animations.

This provides much more context in an experience and UI views matter on a number of conditions.

Apps should own elegant seams and smooth transitions, not waiting for page loads.

Gestures

The interaction model is fundamentally different on a palpate UI device.

There is no equivalent of rollover or hover on an app and a “right-click” is being explored with functionality enjoy 3DTouch.

Input / Output

A mobile app has access to much more than just a screen. For instance, confirmation of an action doesn’t own to breathe visual — it could breathe accomplished with haptic feedback (vibration).

Potential Inputs include: Camera, GPS, gyroscope, accelerometer, wifi/bluetooth connection, voice, Contact List / Address Book, camera, photo gallery, microphone and more with each unique device.

Different Output options include sound, haptic/vibration, notifications and the screen.

This flat of access however comes with the exigency to breathe responsible:

Apps are Not Browsers

In an app, you are designing and structure everything the browser has to execute too — and you don’t win things “for free”.

Github 404 Error Page

“There are no 404 Errors in Apps” is a favorite adage of a Technology Director I partner with.

When something doesn’t work on a endemic app, the user will constantly anticipate themselves:

“Is it the app, my phone or the connection?”

As a designer, you exigency to address this and communicate elegantly when things are not optimal or unknown. Additional conditions you exigency to account for on endemic mobile apps include:

Offline States

Intermittent Connectivity

Service call Failures (Single or Multiple)

Loading (Blocking Loader, Inline or Progressive?)

Caching Data (How long should “old” data breathe kept?)

First Time experience (Show a tutorial?)

Second Time experience (Don’t exhibit a tutorial?)

When an app is brought into the Foreground

When an app is switched into the Background

Live and Die by the Store

Apps are enjoy movies and music — they own ratings and reviews that are broadcast to anyone who might assume of downloading it.

Often times a user will already own an impress and seen comments before experiencing it for themselves.

Real reviews from the App Store

Reviews, Ratings and Comments will often give feedback about network, service or content issues that you exigency to proactively account for in the design.

Because of this, apps are more censorious to test and depending on how they are built, can breathe very difficult to update quickly when a bug or issue is found — and before it is broadcast to everyone else.

iOS and Android Differences

Over time the, the tall two platforms own converged in some ways and taken different and drastic turns in other directions.

Be mindful of these key discrete differences when designing a endemic mobile app for one, the other or both.

1) The Back Button

I am not talking about Up vs. Back or the palpate screen back arrow on apps. I am talking about the actual hardware back button built into Android devices and nowhere to breathe establish on iOS.

Be prepared to reply the question at any point in a flood when your developer asks:

“What happens when I hit the back button on Android?”

2) Open vs Closed

The iOS App Store is a very closed marketplace and iOS limits access for Apps to certain device inputs and outputs. Due to the review process for App Store, an App may not breathe published or released for up to 2 weeks after submission, pending approval.

The Google Play store is much more open and the platform allows deeper integration into endemic input and output methods. There is minimal review process for the Google Play Store and apps are published almost immediately.

3) Top vs Bottom Screenshots from Facebook on iOS and Android

Same app, identical content and the main navigation is flipped between top and bottom. iOS has a stalwart preference for main sections of the app in the bottom Tab Bar while Android encourages using the Navigation Drawer and other constructs.

4) expend of Screen Real Estate Design Explosions #1 — Mapping on iOS by UX Launchpad

iOS and Material Design get different expend of the canvas or existent estate of the screen. As this breakdown of Apple Maps vs Google Maps shows, Material Design favors Floating Action Buttons and transparency while iOS employs more navigation “stripes” at the top and bottom.

5) The Guidelines

Each platform has 3 key principles or themes in the Guidelines, but are emphasized and interpreted in different ways.

iOS Themes

DeferenceThe UI helps people understand and interact with the content, but never competes with it.

ClarityText is legible at every size, icons are precise and lucid, adornments are subtle and appropriate, and a sharpened focus on functionality motivates the design.

DepthVisual layers and realistic motion impart vitality and heighten people’s delight and understanding.

Material Principles

Material is the metaphorA material metaphor is the unifying theory of a rationalized space and a system of motion. The material is grounded in tactile reality, inspired by the study of paper and ink, yet technologically advanced and open to fantasy and magic.

Bold, graphic, intentionalThe foundational elements of print-based design — typography, grids, space, scale, color, and expend of imagery — guide visual treatments. These elements execute far more than gladden the eye. They create hierarchy, meaning, and focus.

Motion provides meaningMotion respects and reinforces the user as the prime mover. Primary user actions are inflection points that initiate motion, transforming the gross design.

Learn by Doing

Best passage to learn how to design endemic mobile apps is to design them.

The easiest residence to start is with a pre-existing GUI template, enjoy the iOS Template from Facebook:

I mentioned earlier invert engineering your favorite app.

Go ahead… literally trace endemic app patterns to capitalize build a design language of what works and understand the foundational elements.

It can breathe a tall jump to proceed from designing to even dabbling in code, but it is worth it. When you walk in someone’s shoes (or tools) you acquire:

Empathy for development (and users)

Intuitively understand each operating system and the standards

Truly learn by doing

If you are really hesitant about jumping into endemic mobile app development — there are number of easier prototyping tools out there that simulate the experience.

I try and walk the walk — this is a sample Calculator template I followed and connected in Xcode back in the day:

If you are not haunted off yet, I highly cheer taking the abysmal dive into designing and coding your own app. Design + Code is the next step, starting from design tools enjoy Sketch and then implementing in the latest development tool.

The best passage to learn is to create something that you’d want to use. Guidelines are most useful while you’re directly manipulating results. — Meng To

Looking for More?

Access an always updated list of the best endemic mobile app prototyping tools along with top UX design portfolio articles, services, products and UX Design resources at UX How.

(Originally posted at UX How on November 23, 2015)

The MVVM Pattern – Introduction | killexams.com existent questions and Pass4sure dumps

Model-View-ViewModel (from now on, just MVVM) is a “love/hate” topic when it comes to Universal Windows app development. If you own never used it and try it for the first time, you’ll probably find yourself a miniature bit confused, since it’s a completely different approach than the yardstick one based on the code behind. On the other hand, if you’re a long time MVVM user, you probably won’t breathe able to create a unique project using any other approach.

This is the understanding I’ve decided to write the following series of posts. What’s MVVM? Why is it so widely adpoted when it comes to Universal Windows apps development and, generally speaking, by any XAML based technology?

I hope that by the stay of the journey, you’ll find answers to every of your questions and breathe able to start using the MVVM pattern in your apps without being haunted anymore.

The MVVM Pattern

The first thing you own to understand is that MVVM isn’t a framework or a library, but a pattern. It isn’t a set of APIs or methods, but a passage to define the architecture of an application. You’ve probably already heard about MVVM Light or Caliburn Micro, but you don’t own to fuddle them with MVVM; they’re tools that helps developers to adopt the MVVM pattern, they don’t delineate the pattern itself.

The purpose of a pattern is to capitalize developers to define the architecture of an application. Why is it so necessary to execute it? Why can’t they simply continue to develop an application in the passage they are used to, which is writing every the code in the code-behind class? The yardstick approach is very quick and simple to understand, but it has many limitations when it comes to more tangled projects that exigency to breathe maintained over time. The understanding is that the code-behind class has a very taut dependency with the XAML page. Consequently, most of the code can’t breathe isolated and they stay up mixing business logic and the presentation layer.

In the long run, the code behind approach introduces many problems:

It’s more complicated to maintain the code and evolve the project. Every time they exigency to add a unique feature or decipher a bug, it’s difficult to understand where precisely they exigency to execute it, since there isn’t a clear distinction between the various components of the app. This becomes even more accurate if they exigency to resume working on a project which has been “on hold” for a long time.

It’s tangled to execute unit testing. When it comes to tangled projects, many developers and companies are adopting the unit test approach, which is a passage to execute automatic tests that validate small pieces of code. This passage it becomes easier to evolve the project: every time they add a unique feature or they change some existing code, they can easily verify if the work we’ve done has broken the already existing features of the app. However, having a taut dependency between the logic and the user interface makes it nearly impossible to write unit tests, since the code isn’t isolated.

It’s tangled to design the user interface: since there’s a taut relationship between the user interface and the business logic, it isn’t possible for a designer to focus on the user interface without knowing every the implementation details behind it. Questions enjoy “Where is the data coming from? A database? A cloud service?” shouldn’t breathe asked by a designer.

The goal of the MVVM pattern is to “break” this stalwart connection between the code behind and the user interface, making it easier for a developer to understand what the different components of the application are. More precisely, it’s fundamental to distinguish the components which recall supervision of the business logic and the ones that exploit the data presentation.

The cognomen of the pattern comes from the fact that the project is split into three different components, which we’re now going to explore in details.

The Model

The model is the component of the application that defines and handles every the basic entities of the application. The goal of this layer is to remove any dependency from the passage the data is represented. Ideally, you should breathe able to recall the classes that belong to this component and expend them in another application without applying any change. For example, if you’re working on an application to exploit orders and customers of a company, the model could breathe defined by every the classes which define the groundwork entities, enjoy a customer, an order, a product, etc.

The View

The view is at the contrary side of the model and it’s represented by the user inteface. In the Universal Windows apps world, views are made by the XAML pages, which hold every the controls and animations that define the visual layout of the application. Recyicling the already mentioned sample of an app to exploit orders and customers, they can own multiple views to panoply the list of customers, the available products in the warehouse, the orders made by a customer, etc.

The ViewModel

The ViewModel is the connection point between the view and model; it takes supervision of retrieving the raw data from the model and manipulates it so that it can breathe properly displayed by the view. The huge variation with a code behind class is that the ViewModel is just a unostentatious simple class, without any dependency from the View. In an application based on the MVVM pattern, typically you create a ViewModel for every View.

Why the MVVM Pattern?

After this brief introduction, it should breathe easier to understand why the MVVM pattern is so necessary and how, by adopting it, they can decipher every of the problems mentioned at the nascence of the post.

By splitting the code in three different layers it becomes easier, especially if you’re working in a team, to maintain and evolve the application. If you exigency to add a feature or solve a bug, it’s easier to identify which layer has to breathe manipulated. Moreover, since there is no dependency between each layer, the work can breathe furthermore done in parallel (for example, a designer can start working on the user interface while another developer can create the services which will breathe used by the page to retrieve the data).

To properly execute unit testing, the code to test has to breathe as simple and isolated as possible. When you work with the code-behind approach, this is simply not possible; often the logic is connected to an event handler (for example, because the code has to breathe executed when you press a button) and you would exigency to find a passage to simulate the event in order to trigger the code to test. By adopting the MVVM pattern they shiver this taut dependency; the code included in a ViewModel can breathe easily isolated and tested.

Since they own broken the taut connection between the user interface and the business logic, it’s effortless for a designer to define the interface without having to know every of the implementation details of the application. For example, if the designer has to work on a unique page which displays a list of orders, they can easily swap the existent ViewModel (which retrieves the data from a existent data source, enjoy a cloud service or a database) with a fake one, which can generate fake data that allows the designer to easily understand which benign of information the page should display.

Why in the Universal Windows app world execute most of the developers watch to expend the MVVM pattern and not other approved patterns enjoy MVC or MVP? Mainly, because the MVVM pattern is based on many features which are at the core of the XAML runtime, like: binding, dependency properties, etc. In this series of posts we’re going to talk a bit more about these features. You can notice how I’ve just mentioned XAML runtime and not the Universal Windows Platform: the understanding is that most of the things we’re going to notice in these posts aren’t specific to the Universal Windows app world, but they can breathe applied to any XAML based technology, like: WPF, Silverlight, Windows Phone, Xamarin, etc.

Now, let’s recall a closer hunt at what the basic XAML features leveraged by the MVVM pattern are.

The Binding

Binding is one of the most necessary XAML features and allows us to create a communication channel between two different properties. They can breathe properties that belong to different XAML controls, or a property declared in code with a control’s property. The key feature leveraged by the MVVM pattern is the second one: View and ViewModels are connected thanks to binding. The ViewModel takes supervision of exposing the data to exhibit in the View as properties, which will breathe connected to the controls that will panoply them using binding. Let’s say, for example, that they own a page in the application that displays a list of products. The ViewModel will recall supervision of retrieving this information (for example, from a local database) and store it into a specific property (like a collection of type List<Order>):

public List<Order> Orders { get; set; }

To panoply the collection in a traditional code behind app, at some point, you would manually assign this property to the ItemsSource property of a control enjoy ListView or GridView, enjoy in the following sample:

MyList.ItemsSource = Orders;

However, this code creates a taut connection between the logic and the UI; since we’re accessing to the ItemsSource property using the cognomen of the control, they can execute this operation only in the code behind class.

Instead, with the MVVM pattern they connect properties in the ViewModel with controls in the UI using binding, enjoy in the following sample:

<ListView ItemsSource="{Binding Path=Orders}" />

This way, they own broken the dependency between the user interface and the logic, since the Orders property can breathe defined furthermore in a unostentatious simple class enjoy a ViewModel.

As already mentioned, binding can breathe furthermore bidirectional; this approach is used when not only the ViewModel needs to panoply some data in the View, but furthermore the View should breathe able to change the value of one of the ViewModel’s properties. Let’s state that your application has a page where it can create a unique order and, consequently, it includes a TextBox control where to set the cognomen of the product. This information needs to breathe handled by the ViewModel, since it will recall supervision of interacting with the model and adding the order to the database. In this case, they apply to the binding the Mode attribute and set it to TwoWay, so that everytime the user adds some text to the TextBox control, the connected property in the ViewModel will win the inserted value.

If, in the XAML, they own the following code, for example:

<TextBox Text="{Binding Path=ProductName, Mode=TwoWay}" />

It means that in the ViewModel they will own a property called ProductName, which will hold the text inserted by the user in the box.

The DataContext

In the previous section we’ve seen how, thanks to the binding, they are able to connect the ViewModel’s properties to the controls in the XAML page. You may breathe wondering how the View model is able to understand which is the ViewModel that populates its data. To understand it, they exigency to interpolate the DataContext’s concept, which is a property offered by any XAML Control. The DataContext property defines the binding context: every time they set a class as a control’s DataContext, they are able to access every of its public properties. Moreover, the DataContext is hierarchical: properties can breathe accessed not only by the control itself, but furthermore every of the children controls will breathe able to access to them.

The core implementation of the MVVM pattern relies on this hierarachy: the class that they create as ViewModel of a View is defined as DataContext of the entire page. Consequently, every control they residence in the XAML page will breathe able to access the ViewModel’s properties and exhibit or exploit the various information. In an application developed with the MVVM pattern, usually, you stay up having a page declaration enjoy the following one:

<Page x:Class="Sample.MainPage" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" DataContext="{Binding Source={StaticResource MainViewModel}}" mc:Ignorable="d"> <!-- page content goes here --> </Page>

The DataContext property of the Page class has been connected to a unique instance of the MainViewModel class.

The INotifyPropertyChanged interface

If they try to create a simple application based on the MVVM pattern applying the concepts we’ve scholarly so far, they would quickly hit a tall issue. Let’s expend the previous sample of the page to add a unique order and let’s state that they have, in the ViewModel, a property which they expend to panoply the product’s name, enjoy the following one:

public string ProductName { get; set; }

According to what they own just learned, they anticipate to own a TextBlock control in the page to panoply the value of this property, enjoy in the following sample:

<TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=ProductName}" />

Now, let’s state during the excecution of the app the value of the ProductName property changes (for example, because a data loading operation is terminated). They will notice how, despite the fact that the ViewModel will properly hold the unique value of the property, the TextBlock control will continue to exhibit the conventional one. The understanding is that binding isn’t enough to exploit the connection between the View and the ViewModel. Binding has created a channel between the ProductName property and the TextBlock, but no one notified both sides of the channel that the value of the property has changed. For this purpose, XAML offers the concept of dependency properties, which are special properties that can define a tangled conduct and, under the hood, are able to dispatch a notification to both sides of the binding channel every time its value changes. Most of the basic XAML controls expend dependency properties (for example, the Text property of the TextBlock control is a dependency property). However, defining a unique dependency property isn’t very straightforward and, in most cases, it offers features which aren’t needed for their MVVM scenario. Let’s recall the previous sample based on the ProductName property: they don’t exigency to exploit any special conduct or logic, they just exigency that every time the ProductName property changes, both sides of the binding channel receive a notification, so that the TextBlock control can update its visual layout to panoply the unique value.

For these scenarios, XAML offers a specific interface called INotifyPropertyChanged, which they can implement in their ViewModels. This way, if they exigency to notify the UI when they change the value of a property, they don’t exigency to create a tangled dependency property, but they just exigency to implement this interface and invoke the related routine every time the value of the property changes.

Here is how a ViewModel that implements this interface looks:

public class MainViewModel: INotifyPropertyChanged { public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; [NotifyPropertyChangedInvocator] protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null) { PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, unique PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName)); } }

Notice how the implementation of this interface allows us to call a routine called OnPropertyChanged(), that they can invoke every time the value of a property changes. However, to compass this goal, they exigency to change the passage they define the properties inside their ViewModel. When it comes to simple properties, usually they define them using the short syntax:

public string ProductName { get; set; }

Hower, with this syntax they can’t change what happens when the value of the property is written or read. As such, they exigency to proceed back to expend the conventional approach, based on a private variable which holds the value of the property. This way, when the value is written, they are able to invoke the OnPropertyChanged() routine and dispatch the notification. Here is how a property in a ViewModel looks:

private string _productName; public string ProductName { win { recrudesce _productName; } set { _productName = value; OnPropertyChanged(); } }

Now the property will work as expected; when they change its value, the TextBlock control in binding with it will change its appearance to panoply it.

Commands (or How to exploit Events in MVVM)

Another censorious scenario when it comes to developing an application is to exploit the interactions with the user: he/she could press a button, pick an particular in a list, etc. In XAML, these scenarios are handled using events which are exposed by various controls. For example, if you want to exploit that the button has been pressed, they exigency to subscribe to the Click event, enjoy in the following sample:

<Button Content="Click me" Click="OnButtonClicked" />

The event is managed by an event handler, which is a routine that includes, among the various parameters, some information which is useful to understand the event context (for example, the control which triggered the event or which particular of the list has been selected), enjoy in the following sample:

private void OnButtonClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { //do something }

The problem of this approach is that event handlers own a taut dependency with the View; they can breathe declared, in fact, only in the code behind class. When you create an application using the MVVM pattern, every the data and logic is usually defined in the ViewModel instead, so they exigency to find a passage to exploit the user interaction there.

For this purpose, the XAML has introduced commands, which is a passage to express a user interaction with a property instead of with an event handler. Since it’s just a simple property, they can shiver the taut connection between the view and the event handler and furthermore define it in an independent class, enjoy a ViewModel.

The framework offers the ICommand interface to implement commands: with the yardstick approach, you stay up having a separated class for each command. The following illustration shows how a command looks:

public class ClickCommand : ICommand { public bool CanExecute(object parameter) { } public void Execute(object parameter) { } public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged; }

The core of the command is the Execute() method, which contains the code that is executed when the command is invoked (for example, because the user has pressed a button). It’s the code that, in a traditional application, they would own written inside the event handler.

The CanExecute() routine is one of the most appealing features provided by commands, since it can breathe used to exploit the command’s lifecycle when the app is running. For example, let’s state that you own a page with a figure to fill, with a button at the stay of the page that the user has to press to dispatch the form. Since every the fields are required, they want to disable the button until every the fields own been filled. If they exploit the operation to dispatch the figure with a command, they are able to implement the CanExecute() routine in a passage that it will recrudesce groundless when there’s at least one sphere soundless empty. This way, the Button control that they own linked to the command will automatically change his/her visual status: it will breathe disabled and the user will immediately understand that he won’t breathe able to press it. 

In the end, the command offers an event called CanExecuteChanged, which they can invoke inside the ViewModel every time the condition they want to monitor to exploit the status of the command changes. For example, in the previous sample, they would call the CanExecuteChanged event every time the user fills one of the fields of the form.

Once they own defined a command, they can link it to the XAML thanks to the Command property, which is exposed by every control that are able to exploit the interaction with the user (like Button, RadioButton, etc.)

<Button Content="Click me" Command="{Binding Path=ClickCommand}" />

As we’re going to notice in the next post, however, most of the toolkits and frameworks to implement the MVVM pattern proffer an easier passage to define a command, without forcing the developer to create a unique class for each command of the application. For example, the approved MVVM Light toolkit offers a class called RelayCommand, which can breathe used to define a command in the following way:

private RelayCommand _sayHello; public RelayCommand SayHello { win { if (_sayHello == null) { _sayHello = unique RelayCommand(() => { Message = string.Format("Hello {0}", Name); }, () => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(Name)); } recrudesce _sayHello; } }

As you can see, they don’t exigency to define a unique class for each command, but by using anonymous methods, they can simply create a unique RelayCommand kick and pass, as parameters:

The code that they want to excecute when the command is invoked.

The code that evaluates if the command is enabled or not.

We’re going to learn more about this approach in the next post.

How to Implement the MVVM Pattern: Toolkits and Frameworks

As I mentioned at the nascence of the post, MVVM is a pattern, it isn’t a library or a framework. However, as we’ve scholarly up to now, when you create an application based on this pattern you exigency to leverage a set of yardstick procedures: implementing the INotifyPropertyChanged interface, handling commands, etc.

Consequently, many developers own started to work on libraries that can capitalize the developer’s job, allowing them to focus on the development of the app itself, rather than on how to implement the pattern. Let’s notice which are the most approved libraries.

MVVM Light

MVVM Light (http://www.mvvmlight.net) is a library created by Laurent Bugnion, a long time MVP and one of the most approved developers in the Microsoft world. This library is very approved thanks to its flexibility and simplicity. MVVM Light, in fact, offers just the basic tools to implement the pattern, like:

A groundwork class, which the ViewModel can inherit from, to win quick access to some basic features enjoy notifications.

A groundwork class to exploit commands.

A basic messaging system, to exploit the communication between different classes (like two ViewModels).

A basic system to exploit dependency injection, which is an alternative passage to initialize ViewModels and exploit their dependencies. We’ll learn more about this concept in another post.

Since MVVM Light is very basic, it can breathe leveraged not just by Universal Windows apps, but furthermore in WPF, Sivlerlight, and even Android and iOS thanks to its compatibility with Xamarin. Since it’s extremely flexible, it’s furthermore effortless to adjust it to your requirements and as a starting point for the customization you may want to create. This simplicity, however, is furthermore the weakness of MVVM Light. As we’re going to notice in the next posts, when you create a Universal Windows app using the MVVM pattern you will visage many challenges, since many basic concepts and features of the platform (like the navigation between different pages) can breathe handled only in a code behind class. From this point of view, MVVM Light doesn’t capitalize the developer that much: since it offers just the basic tools to implement the pattern, every thing else is up to the developer. For these reasons, you’ll find on the web many additional libraries (like the Cimbalino Toolkit) which extend MVVM Light and add a set of services and features that are useful when it comes to developing a Universal Windows app.

Caliburn Micro

Caliburn Micro (http://caliburnmicro.com) is a framework originally created by Rob Eisenberg and now maintained by Nigel Sampson and Thomas Ibel. If MVVM Light is a toolkit, Caliburn Micro is a complete framework, which offers a completely differnent approach. Compared to MVVM Light, in fact, Caliburn Micro offers a rich set of services and features which are specific to decipher some of the challenges provided by the Universal Windows Platform, enjoy navigation, storage, contracts, etc.

Caliburn Micro handles most of the basic features of the pattern with naming conventions; the implementation of binding, commands, and others concepts are hidden by a set of rules, based on the names that they exigency to assign to the various components of the project. For example, if they want to connect a ViewModel’s property with a XAML control, they don’t own to manually define a binding; they can simply give to the control the identical cognomen of the property and Caliburn Micro will apply the binding for us. This is made possible by a bootstrapper, which is a special class that replaces the yardstick App class and takes supervision of intializing, other than the app itself, the Caliburn infrastructure.

Caliburn Micro is, without any doubt, very powerful, since you’ll own immediate access to every the tools required to properly develop a Universl Windows app using the MVVM pattern. However, in my opinion, it isn’t the best option if you’re unique to the MVVM pattern: since it hides most of the basic concepts which are at the core of the pattern, it can breathe tangled for a unique developer to understand what’s going on and how the different pieces of the app are connected together.

Prism

Prism (http://github.com/PrismLibrary/Prism) is another approved framework which, in the beginning, was created and maintaned by the Pattern & Practises division by Microsoft. Now, instead, it has become a community project, maintained by a group of independent developers and Microsoft MVPs.

Prism is a framework and uses a similar approach to the one provided by Caliburn Micro: it offers naming convention, to connect the different pieces of the app together, and it includes a rich set of services to decipher the challenges provded by the Universal Windows Platform.

We can state that it sits in the middle between MVVM Light and Caliburn Micro, when it comes to complexity: it isn’t simple and flexible enjoy MVVM Light but, at the identical time, it doesn’t expend naming convention in an aggressive passage enjoy Caliburn Micro does.

Coming soon

In the next posts we’re going to eddy what we’ve scholarly so far into a existent project and we’re going to leverage MVVM Light for this purpose: the understanding is that, as I’ve already mentioned, I assume MVVM Light is the easiest one to understand, especially if you’re unique to the pattern, since it will capitalize us to learn every the basic concepts which are at the core of the pattern. If you want to start looking at a existent project, you’ll find many samples (which we’re going to justify in a more minute way) on my GitHub repository at https://github.com/qmatteoq/UWP-MVVMSamples. stay tuned!

By the way, this post has been written with OpenLiveWriter, the unique open source version of Windows Live Writer, which has now become a community driven project. In my persuasion (and I'm not alone), Open Live Writer is the best tool in the world to write blog posts, so thanks to Microsoft for making this chance and thanks to every the worthy developers that are contributing to the project and keeping it alive!

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